Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Salmonella Typhi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors:
- Nik Yusnoraini YusofNYNik Yusnoraini Yusof
- Nur Iffah Izzati NorazzmanNNNur Iffah Izzati Norazzman
- Nur Fatihah Mohd ZaidiNur Fatihah Mohd Zaidi
- Mawaddah Mohd AzlanMAMawaddah Mohd Azlan
- Basyirah GhazaliBGBasyirah Ghazali
- Mohamad Ahmad NajibMohamad Ahmad Najib
- Abdul Hafiz Abdul MalikAMAbdul Hafiz Abdul Malik
- Mohamad Aideil Helmy Abdul HalimMHMohamad Aideil Helmy Abdul Halim
- Muhammad Nor Syamim Mohd SanusiMSMuhammad Nor Syamim Mohd Sanusi
- Annur Ashyqin ZainalAZAnnur Ashyqin Zainal
- Ismail AziahIAIsmail Aziah
Open Access
- 27 September 2022
- journal article
- review article
- Published by MDPI AG in Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
- Vol. 7 (10) , 271
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) that has developed resistance to many antimicrobials poses a serious challenge to public health. Hence, this study aimed to systematically determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in S. Typhi isolated from the environment and humans as well as to ascertain the spread of the selected AMR genes in S. Typhi. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A total of 2353 studies were retrieved from three databases, of which 42 studies fulfilled the selection criteria. The pooled prevalence of AMR S. Typhi (using a random-effect model) was estimated at 84.8% (95% CI; 77.3–90.2), with high heterogeneity (I2: 95.35%, p-value < 0.001). The high estimated prevalence indicates that control methods should be improved immediately to prevent the spread of AMR among S. Typhi internationally.Keywords
Funding Information
- USM Short Term (304.CIPPM.6315337)
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) (311/CIPPM/4401005)
This publication has 59 references indexed in Scilit:
- Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Salmonella Bloodstream Infections in Cambodian AdultsPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2012
- Mechanisms of Resistance and Clinical Relevance of Resistance to β-Lactams, Glycopeptides, and FluoroquinolonesMayo Clinic Proceedings, 2012
- A multiplex single nucleotide polymorphism typing assay for detecting mutations that result in decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi AJournal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2010
- Genetic Diversity of Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi and Paratyphi in Shenzhen, China from 2002 through 2007BMC Microbiology, 2010
- Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica in Surabaya, IndonesiaDiagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2009
- Quinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhi in South Africa, 2003–2007Epidemiology and Infection, 2009
- Molecular characterization of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A causing enteric fever in IndiaJournal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2006
- Decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and gyrA gene mutation in the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A isolated in Katmandu, Nepal, in 2003Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2006
- Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysisStatistics in Medicine, 2002
- Mutations responsible for reduced susceptibility to 4-quinolones in clinical isolates of multi-resistant Salmonella typhi in IndiaJournal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 1996