Preparation, Characterization, and Properties of Dy‐Doped Small‐Grained BaTiO 3 Ceramics

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Abstract
The effects of Dy doping and sintering parameters on the properties of BaTiO 3 ceramics were studied. The average grain size decreases with increasing Dy content and is controlled at ∼1.5 μ m by 0.8 at.% Dy. The Curie temperature change, associated with ≤1.2 at.% Dy, is 3 ceramics. Lattice constant c decreases with increasing Dy concentration whereas a increases slightly. The effects of grain size on dielectric constant, lattice parameters, and linear thermal expansion coefficient are more pronounced than the chemical effects of Dy doping in the ferroelectric state, whereas in the paraelectric state, these characteristics are almost independent of grain size as well as Dy concentration. The decrease in the frequency of occurrence of 90° twins with decreasing grain size implies that internal stress, which develops when BaTiO 3 ceramics are cooled below T c , strongly influences the effects of grain size.

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