Spliceosome protein EFTUD2: A potential pathogenetic factor in tumorigenesis and some developmental defects (Review)

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Abstract
The formation of mature mRNA is inseparable from the processing of RNA precursors and splicing by the spliceosome. The spliceosome is a multi‑protein complex composed of five small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing 2 (EFTUD2) is a component of spliceosome complex that is involved in the reorganization of the spliceosome complex, thereby promoting the removal of introns from precursor mRNA. Therefore, EFTUD2 can regulate embryonic development and innate immunity by modulating the splicing of various mRNAs. The mutations in EFTUD2 itself also lead to developmental defects and clinical manifestations in mandibulofacial dysostosis, the nervous system, the circulatory system, the digestive system and the reproductive system. Furthermore, the overexpression of EFTUD2 promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and colorectal cancer. The present review discussed the molecular mechanisms by which EFTUD2 exerts its physiological functions, focusing on EFTUD2 mutations and their corresponding clinical manifestations. It aimed to provide insight for the diagnosis and treatment of EFTUD2‑related diseases.

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