Insight into the Aggregation Capacity of Anammox Consortia during Reactor Start-Up

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Abstract
Anammox aggregates have been extensively observed in high-efficiency nitrogen-removal reactors, yet the variation and inherent cause of its aggregation capacity related to reactor operation are still unknown. Here, we used microbial detection, metabolomics, extended DLVO theory and multivariate statistical analysis to address this issue. The aggregation capacity of anammox consortia varied periodically during reactor operation, which was determined by the hydrophobic force and the ratio of extracellular protein (PN) to extracellular polysaccharides (PS). Fundamentally, it related to the variation of polysaccharides degradation bacteria abundance and the discrepancy of consortia metabolism. Specifically, the distinguishable up-regulation of the amino acids Phe, Leu, Ala, Thr, Gly, Glu, and Val potentially contributed to the high biosynthesis of extracellular PN. Together with the reduced extracellular PS production that was regulated via the UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine pathways, the elevated extracellular PN/PS resulted in the obviously increased extracellular hydrophobicity and aggregation capacity. Additionally, the overtly enriched phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis pathway was also vital to increasing extracellular hydrophobicity to accelerate aggregation. Understanding aggregation capacity variation is useful for advancing anammox aggregation for its application in wastewater treatment.
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (51478006)
  • Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee (JSGG20160429162015597)

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