Urban Foundation Models and Artificial Intelligence Safety

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Abstract
Recent technological advancements, towards artificial general intelligence (AGI), general-purpose artificial intelligence (GPAI), and urban foundation models, hold considerable potential and offer numerous advantages. However, these emerging technologies also present a multitude of risks, which have been extensively documented in the International AI Safety Report (IAISR) released in January 2025. This comprehensive report has identified numerous risks associated with these technologies and proposed mitigation strategies. In this paper, we undertake the analysis of risks inherent in urban foundation models (UFMs). Our analysis aligns with the report’s classification, encompassing risks stemming from malicious use, malfunction, open weights, and systemic risks.

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