Effect of Lipopolysaccharide Administration on the Number, Phenotype and Content of Nuclear Molecules in Blood Microparticles of Normal Human Subjects

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Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane‐bound vesicles that arise from activated and dying cells and promote inflammation and thrombosis. To characterize thein vivorelease ofMPs, we used flow cytometry to measureMPs in the blood of 15 healthy volunteers administered bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide orLPS) in the presence of a low dose of hydrocortisone with or without inhaled nitric oxide.MPs, defined as particles less than 1.0 μm in size, were assessed following labelling forCD42a,CD14 andCD62E orCD144 antibodies to identifyMPs from platelets (PMPs), monocytes (MMPs) and endothelial cells (EMPs). In addition,PMPs andMMPs were labelled with anti‐HMGB1 and stained withSYTO13 to assess nuclear acid content. Administration ofLPSled to an increase in the numbers ofPMPs,MMPs andEMPs as defined byCD62E, as well as the number ofMMPs andPMPs staining with anti‐HMGB1 andSYTO13. Inhalation ofNOdid not influence these findings. Together, these studies show thatLPScan increase levels of bloodMPs and influence phenotype, including nuclear content. As such, particles may be a source ofHMGB1 and other nuclear molecules in the blood during inflammation.

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