Reliable, Secure, and Spectrally Efficient ISAC using Distributed Multiuser MIMO and Non-Orthogonal Waveform

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Abstract
This paper presents a hardware-validated study of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) using a distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architecture, with a focus on enhancing reliability and security in dynamic wireless environments. We compare centralized and distributed ISAC systems under varying conditions, including signal blockage, and demonstrate that distributed MIMO offers superior resilience by maintaining stable communication performance and could enable real-time environmental sensing through channel state information (CSI) variations. To address security challenges arising from shared sensing and communication waveforms, we implement a waveform-defined security (WDS) technique based on spectrally efficient frequency division multiplexing (SEFDM). Experimental results show that while the legitimate user, equipped with prior knowledge of the waveform parameters, can successfully decode signals, an eavesdropper experiences severe degradation, with an error vector magnitude (EVM) penalty of over 22 dB. In addition, employing the non-orthogonal signal waveform enables over 10% spectral efficiency improvement. These findings highlight the potential of non-orthogonal waveform design and distributed MIMO architectures in achieving reliable, secure, and spectrally efficient ISAC.
Funding Information
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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