Impact of glibenclamide pretreatment on outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective case-control study

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Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major health concern, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who are at elevated risk. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of glibenclamide pretreatment on patients with acute ischemic stroke and T2DM. A total of 122 patients with acute ischemic stroke and T2DM were retrospectively analyzed. Based on medication history, patients were categorized into the glibenclamide group (group 1, n = 54) and the control group (group 2, n = 68). Stroke severity at admission was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and functional status was evaluated with the Barthel Index (BI) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Patients were followed for 3 months. At admission, group 1 demonstrated significantly better neurological function (lower NIHSS) and higher BI scores compared to group 2 (P < 0.05). At 3 months, mortality was 1.9% in group 1 and 5.9% in group 2, though this difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.430, P = 0.512). Adverse events occurred in 7.4% and 10.3% of patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P > 0.05), with no drug-related deaths or serious safety concerns. The incidence of hemorrhagic transformation also showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). However, group 1 showed significantly better functional outcomes at 3 months, with higher BI scores and lower mRS scores (P < 0.05), suggesting improved independence and neurological recovery. Glibenclamide pretreatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke and T2DM may confer clinical benefits by reducing stroke severity and enhancing post-stroke functional outcomes, without increasing adverse events.
Funding Information
  • the project from Science and Technology of Ganzhou (2023DXNS4747)
  • the project from Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2022YFS0613)
  • the Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2024NSFSC1823)

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