Effects of a green method olive leaf extract on the metabolic disorders and the pancreatic immunohistopathology in diabetic Wistar rats

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Abstract
The present study evaluated the antidiabetic potential of a green, oleuropein-rich extract from olive leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (180 mg/kg b.w.), followed by oral administration of the extract for 30 days. Treatment significantly decreased blood glucose levels from 26 mmol/L in diabetic controls to 5 mmol/L and increased plasma insulin concentrations from 4.65 µU/mL to 13.25 µU/mL. Improvements in body weight, antioxidant defense, and lipid and liver enzyme profiles were also recorded. Histological examination revealed structural restoration of pancreatic tissue, while immunohistochemical analysis indicated enhanced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, suggesting a protective and regenerative effect on pancreatic β-cells. The solvent-free extraction method preserved the bioactivity of the compound and supports its safe use for therapeutic purposes. Collectively, these findings highlight the efficacy of the oleuropein-rich extract in restoring glycemic balance and pancreatic function, suggesting its promise as a natural and sustainable option for diabetes management.

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