Effects of artificial disturbance on quantity and biochemical composition of organic matter in sediments of a coastal lagoon
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Open Access
- 21 October 2011
- journal article
- research article
- Published by EDP Sciences in Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems
- No. 402,p. 08
Abstract
The eutrophication of the coastal lagoon of Burano (Tuscany, Italy) produces periodic toxic-anoxic events. The possibility of mitigating eutrophication of a lagoon by resuspension of sediment was tested in a three-year field experiment conducted in 2008–2009. An unreplicated before-after control-impact (BACI) study design was used to ascertain variations in the quantity and biochemical composition of organic matter in sediment artificially disturbed by a specially equipped boat. In October 2008, before beginning disturbance, January 2009, half way through the disturbance period, and May 2009, at the end of disturbance, sediment was sampled in a disturbed area and an undisturbed control area to determine chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), phaeopigments (PHAE), proteins (PRT), carbohydrates (CHO), lipids (LIP), labile organic matter (LOM), refractory organic matter (ROM), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN). The disturbed area, measuring 44 ha, was divided into nine subareas, eight of which were subjected to four different frequencies of disturbance (from 2 to 5) in the period October 2008 – April 2009. Sediment was sampled in each sub-area in the three months mentioned above to determine labile and total organic matter. The results were processed by univariate and multivariate analysis using Primer 6.0, Permanova + and Prism 5.0 software. The findings were as follows: (1) a large proportion of the biopolymeric carbon consisted of labile matter throughout the lagoon; (2) higher abatement of labile organic matter was recorded in the disturbed area; (3) a lower protein:carbohydrate ratio was found in the disturbed than in the undisturbed area; (4) the C:N ratio of sediment was much lower in the undisturbed area than in the disturbed area at the end of the study period; (5) sediment and macroalgal C:N ratios did not significantly change in response to disturbance; (6) initial accumulation of organic matter from phytoplankton was greater in the disturbed area than the undisturbed area; (7) chlorophyll-a, phaeopigments and the pigment diversity index did not reflect any decline in photosynthesis in the disturbed area; (8) treatment effects increased with increasing frequency of disturbance. These findings indicate less availability of labile organic matter and therefore lower risk of extended anoxic events in the disturbed area and support our hypothesis that artificial disturbance of sediment can be used to manage lagoon environments and prevent the consequences of eutrophication. L’eutrophisation des lagunes côtières de Burano (Italie) produit périodiquement des événements toxiques-anoxiques. Atténuer l’eutrophisation par remise en suspension des sédiments a été testé dans des expériences de terrain (2008–2009). Un protocole de type BACI a été utilisé pour vérifier les variations dans la composition biochimique de la matière organique dans les sédiments perturbés par un bateau spécial. Les sédiments ont été prélevés avant, pendant et après la perturbation, dans une zone perturbée (D) et une zone non perturbée (UD) pour déterminer : chlorophylle a, phéopigments, protéines, glucides, lipides, matière organique labile (LOM), matière organique réfractaire, carbone organique total et azote total. D (44 ha) a été divisé en neuf sous-zones qui ont été soumises à des fréquences différentes de perturbations (2 à 5). Les sédiments ont été prélevés pour déterminer la LOM et le total des matières organiques (MO). Les résultats ont été traités par analyse univariée et multivariée. Les résultats sont les suivants : (1) une forte proportion de carbone biopolymère composé de LOM dans le lagon; (2) une réduction plus importante en LOM a été enregistrée en D; (3) un plus faible rapport protéines:glucides en D que dans UD; (4) un rapport C:N des sédiments devenu beaucoup plus faible dans UD que dans D; (5) le rapport C:N des sédiments et des macro-algues n’a pas sensiblement changé en réponse aux perturbations; (6) l’accumulation initiale du phytoplancton OM a été plus grande dans D que UD; (7) chlorophylle-a, phéopigments, et indice de diversité pigmentaire ne reflètent aucune diminution de la photosynthèse dans D; (8) les effets du traitement augmentent avec la fréquence des perturbations. Ces résultats indiquent une plus faible disponibilité de LOM et donc un risque moins fort d’événements anoxiques dans D et confirment notre hypothèse que la perturbation artificielle des sédiments peut être utilisée pour prévenir les conséquences de l’eutrophisation.Keywords
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