Spontaneous emergence of skyrmions beyond room temperature in boron-doped CrTe

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Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are vortex-like spin textures that exhibit remarkable emergent phenomena and hold great promise for applications in spintronics, magnonic devices, and neuromorphic computing. Typically, these spin textures are formed in magnetic samples through the application of magnetic fields on a ground state helical phase. However, achieving the formation of zero-field skyrmions, without the need of prior field-cooling, has remained a significant challenge. Here, using real-space Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we directly observe the spontaneous emergence of skyrmions beyond room temperature in a centrosymmetric crystal of boron-doped CrTe without the presence of external magnetic fields. These skyrmions exhibit robust stability over a large temperature range in zero field and various specimen thicknesses. We nevertheless demonstrate that a field-cooling process can control the density and arrangement of metastable zero-field skyrmions, which is confirmed by micromagnetic simulations. The stabilization of field-free spontaneous skyrmions beyond ambient temperature holds implications for nonvolatile memory systems.

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