First Report of a Resistance-Breaking Strain of Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus Infecting Sweet Pepper with the Tsw Resistance Gene in California, U.S.A.

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Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) causes substantial losses in pepper crops worldwide, including in California, USA. TSWV is transmitted by various species of thrips, including the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. The most effective management strategy is planting resistant cultivars, most of which possess the Tsw gene. The nonstructural protein (NSs) is the viral effector in peppers with the Tsw gene. However, resistance-breaking (RB) strains of TSWV, which infect and cause spotted wilt in Capsicum spp. with the Tsw gene, have been reported from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Hungary, Italy, Spain and USA (Louisiana) (Black et al., 1996, Jiang et al., 2016). In 2017 and 2018 growing seasons, fruits of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants with ringspot symptoms, typical of spotted wilt, were collected or received from commercial fields of resistant (Tsw) cultivars in Yolo County (2017 and 2018) and Fresno, San Joaquin and Santa Clara Counties (2018) of California, USA. TS...
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