Apolipoprotein C-I Is Crucially Involved in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Atherosclerosis Development in Apolipoprotein E–Knockout Mice

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Abstract
Background— Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is released from Gram-negative bacteria on multiplication or lysis, aggravates atherosclerosis in humans and rodents by inducing inflammation via toll-like receptors. Because apolipoprotein C-I (apoCI) enhances the LPS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages in vitro and in mice, we investigated the effect of endogenous apoCI expression on LPS-induced atherosclerosis in mice. Methods and Results— Twelve-week-old apoe −/− apoc1 −/− and apoe −/− apoc1 +/+ mice received weekly intraperitoneal injections of LPS (50 μg) or vehicle for a period of 10 weeks, and atherosclerosis development was assessed in the aortic root. LPS administration did not affect atherosclerotic lesion area in apoe −/− apoc1 −/− mice but increased it in apoe −/− apoc1 +/+ mice. In fact, apoCI expression increased the LPS-induced atherosclerotic lesion area by 60% ( P Conclusions— We conclude that apoCI is crucially involved in LPS-induced atherosclerosis in apoe −/− mice, which mainly relates to an increased inflammatory response toward LPS. We anticipate that apoCI plasma levels contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis development in individuals who have chronic infection.

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