Abstract
Human activities have resulted in release of a large range of toxic contaminants into aquatic ecosystems. The assessment of environmental pesticide residue concentrations in Europe and North America has shown significant contamination of streams and groundwater in both agricultural and urban settings (Gilliom et al. 1999; IFEN 2006; Devault et al. 2007; Gilliom 2007; Sprague and Nowell 2008). According to data recently available in France and the United States, water quality benchmarks for aquatic life were exceeded in half of the sites studied (IFEN 2006; Gilliom 2007).
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