The role of feed hygiene in cattle welfare protection

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Abstract
Quality nutrition is a fundamental factor in both human and animal health. The quality of animal feed is influenced by all processes from the collection of feed to its administration to animals, as well as by the content of specific substances. Substances present in animal feed can be found in animal products and subsequently enter the human body. Therefore, animals used for food production may be fed only with feed that meets prescribed physical, chemical, and nutritional standards, and must not contain substances potentially harmful to animal health, human health, or the environment. Poor hygiene in animal feed is indicated by the presence of impurities or spoilage. The consequences for cattle consuming contaminated feed vary, ranging from mild and gradual effects such as reduced feed intake and decreased production, to death. This paper discusses the effects of certain harmful factors, as well as inadequate preparation and administration of feed, on the health status, reproduction, production characteristics, and behavior of cattle, as indicators of their well-being.

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