Role of the Built Environment, Roadway Characteristics, and Socioeconomic Factors in Keeping Teen Drivers Safe: An Investigation of the Factors Most Related to Teen Driver Fatalities

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Abstract
The role of engineering, through infrastructure design, is known to influence safe driving behavior generally, yet the areas of possible intervention that could improve safe outcomes for teens are less understood. It is critical to identify interventions specific to teens, as they have different driving risk factors than more seasoned drivers, and motor vehicle crashes are the second leading cause of death among teens in the United States. We examined 5,210 fatal crashes from 2015 to 2019 in Ohio using Fatality Analysis Reporting System data. We employed multinomial logistic regression to associate the likelihood of fatal crashes involving younger teens (16 to 17 years old) or older teens (18 to 19 years old) relative to adults (20 years and older) with built environment, socioeconomic, and roadway characteristics at crash locations. Separating crashes into the two groups of teens allowed us to distinguish the possible impact of training, as younger teens are mandated to undergo driving education and behind-the-wheel training under Ohio’s graduated driver licensing laws. We found that compared with neighborhood socioeconomics, built environment factors were more significant predictors of the likelihood of fatal crashes involving younger teens compared with adults. Specifically, fatal crashes at locations with lower road density and more diverse land use were more likely to involve younger teens. Although these results could be related to a mix of younger teen driver behavior and exposure factors, the finding highlights that improving the safety of local roads in urban and rural settings could help stem teen driving fatalities.

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