Neurological presentation of a congenital disorder of glycosylation CDG-Ia: Implications for diagnosis and genetic counseling

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Abstract
The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) constitute a new group of recessively inherited metabolic disorders that are characterized biochemically by defective glycosylation of proteins. Several types have been identified. CDG‐Ia, the most frequent type, is a multisystemic disorder affecting the nervous system and numerous organs including liver, kidney, heart, adipose tissue, bone, and genitalia. A phosphomannomutase (PMM) deficiency has been identified in CDG‐Ia patients and numerous mutations in the PMM2 gene have been identified in patients with a PMM deficiency. We report on a French family with 3 affected sibs, with an unusual presentation of CDG‐Ia, remarkable for 1) the neurological presentation of the disease, and 2) the dissociation between intermediate PMM activity in fibroblasts and a decreased PMM activity in leukocytes. This report shows that the diagnosis of CDG‐Ia must be considered in patients with non‐regressive early‐onset encephalopathy with cerebellar atrophy, and that intermediate values of PMM activity in fibroblasts do not exclude the diagnosis of CDG‐Ia.

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