Atomistic Modeling of the Effect of Temperature on Interfacial Properties of 3D-Printed Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide 6 Composite: From Processing to Loading

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Abstract
The combination of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) and the continuous fiber 3D printing (CF3DP) technique enables the rapid production of complex structural composites. In these 3D-printed composites, stress transfer primarily relies on the fiber-resin interface, making it a critical performance factor. The interfacial properties are significantly influenced by the temperatures applied during the loading and forming processes. While the effect of the loading temperature has been extensively researched, that of the forming temperature remains largely unexplored, especially from an atomistic perspective. Our research aims to employ molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the effect of temperature on the interfacial properties of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 (C/PA6) composites fabricated using the CF3DP technique, considering both loading and forming aspects. Through molecular dynamics simulations, we uncovered a positive correlation between the interfacial strength and forming temperature. Moreover, an increased forming temperature induced a notable shift in the failure mode of C/PA6 under uniaxial tensile loading. Furthermore, it was observed that increasing loading temperatures led to the deterioration of the mechanical properties of PA6, resulting in a gradual transition of the primary failure mode from adhesive failure to cohesive failure. This shift in the failure mode is closely associated with the glass transition of PA6.
Funding Information
  • Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project of Ningbo Municipality (2022Z070)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (12272020, 12372106)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LD22E050011)
  • Opening Funding of??State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment,??Dalian University of Technology (GZ22101)
  • Start-up Youth Fundation of Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University (NBQN202104001)

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