Mesoionic Carbene‐Catalyzed Formyl Alkylation of Aldehydes
- 8 May 2023
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Vol. 62 (24) , e202303478
Abstract
Ketones are among the most useful functional groups in organic synthesis, and they are commonly encountered in a broad range of compounds with various applications. Herein, we describe the mesoionic carbene‐catalyzed coupling reaction of aldehydes with non‐activated secondary and even primary alkyl halides. This metal‐free method utilizes deprotonated Breslow intermediates derived from mesoionic carbenes (MICs), which act as super electron donors and induce the single‐electron reduction of alkyl halides. This mild coupling reaction has a broad substrate scope and tolerates many functional groups, which allows to prepare a diversity of simple ketones as well as bio‐active molecules by late‐stage functionalization.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (22171284, 21602249)
- National Science Foundation (CHE-2153475)
This publication has 68 references indexed in Scilit:
- Acyl anion free N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysisChemical Society Reviews, 2013
- Organocatalytic umpolung: N-heterocyclic carbenes and beyondChemical Society Reviews, 2012
- Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative coupling reactions between Ar–X and carbon nucleophilesChemical Society Reviews, 2011
- N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aromatic Aldehydes with Activated Alkyl HalidesOrganic Letters, 2010
- Aldehyde Umpolung by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: NMR Characterization of the Breslow Intermediate in its Keto Form, and a Spiro‐Dioxolane as the Resting State of the Catalytic SystemAngewandte Chemie International Edition, 2010
- Crystalline 1H‐1,2,3‐Triazol‐5‐ylidenes: New Stable Mesoionic Carbenes (MICs)Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2010
- Organocatalysis by N-Heterocyclic CarbenesChemical Reviews, 2007
- Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Organoboron CompoundsChemical Reviews, 1995
- Photochemistry on nonreactive and reactive (semiconductor) surfacesChemical Reviews, 1993
- On the Mechanism of Thiamine Action. IV.1 Evidence from Studies on Model SystemsJournal of the American Chemical Society, 1958