The chapter provides a brief general introduction into the rationale of the book and a short overview on its structure. The specific problems which the book deals with are described. The point of departure is that nature conservation is contested terrain in many respects, between different parts of society with different interests, between different conservation practitioners about the right means to protect nature, but also with respect to what nature conservation is (or should be) and thus with respect to its very foundations. Ideas of what constitutes conservation are sometimes conflicting. Clarifying the meaning of the various conservation concepts and the human–nature relationships implicit in them concepts is intended to support conservation and to arrive at good human–nature relationships. Each of the following book chapters is briefly described.