A larval description of Pornothemis starrei Lieftinck, 1948 (Odonata: Libellulidae), with notes on taxonomy, distribution, and comparisons with other Southeast Asian libelluline genera

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Abstract
The larva of Pornothemis starrei Lieftinck, 1948 is described for the first time based on material from Singapore reared to adulthood, representing the first larval description of the genus Pornothemis Krüger, 1902. The larva is characterized by a unique combination of morphological features, including a distinctive arrangement and number of premental setae and palpal setae, strongly developed middorsal spines on S3–9, and posterolateral spines on S7–9. Comparisons with other Southeast Asian genera of Libellulinae indicate that the larva is readily distinguishable from all described congeners. Additional notes on habitat, distribution, and the taxonomic status of the genus are provided. This study increases our knowledge of larval diversity within Libellulinae and contributes to a better understanding of the morphology and distribution of this poorly known Southeast Asian dragonfly genus.