A Novel Technology for Semiautomatic and Automatic Stem–Stake Coupling of Seedlings and Plants

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Abstract
This article introduces a novel mechatronic system for coupling the stems of seedlings and plants to wooden stakes or ropes, a crucial process for supporting them during growth, transportation, and fruiting in plant propagation facilities and greenhouses. The stem–stake coupling device utilizes interconnected mechanisms and an impedance control method to adjust motor torque and speed, shaping metallic wire into clips of various shapes and dimensions, effectively securing plant stems to stakes or ropes. In a robotic system, a claw-shaped arm mechanism, a stereo camera, and real-time vision techniques are integrated into the stem–stake coupling device to identify the optimal coupling point and automate the coupling task. This innovation addresses the labor-intensive task of manual coupling, offering a scalable solution for growers through handheld devices or fully automated robotic systems. In the context of increasing labor shortages and rising costs, the technology offers a sustainable and efficient alternative with significant potential to enhance operational efficiency in greenhouses and propagation facilities.

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