Abstract
Legumes can form symbiotic associations with rhizobia, which are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that colonize roots by forming facultative organs termed nodules. The development of nodules depends on a concerted interchange of signals between the plant and the symbiotic bacteria. Ultimately, legumes benefit from this association by being able to use nitrogen that would otherwise be unavailable, while rhizobia successfully multiply by utilizing plant resources mainly in the form of sugars ( Oldroyd et al., 2011). The question remains, however, how plants distinguish these beneficial bacteria from bacteria that cause disease.

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