Catabolism of N -Acetylneuraminic Acid, a Fitness Function of the Food-Borne Lactic Acid Bacterium Lactobacillus sakei, Involves Two Newly Characterized Proteins

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Abstract
In silico analysis of the genome sequence of the meat-borne lactic acid bacterium (LAB) Lactobacillus sakei 23K has revealed a repertoire of potential functions related to the adaptation of this bacterium to the meat environment. Among these functions, the ability to use N -acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA) as a carbon source could provide a competitive advantage for growth on meat in which this amino sugar is present. In this work, we proposed to analyze the functionality of a gene cluster encompassing nanTEAR and nanK ( nanTEAR-nanK ). We established that this cluster encoded a pathway allowing transport and early steps of the catabolism of NANA in this genome. We also demonstrated that this cluster was absent from the genome of other L. sakei strains that were shown to be unable to grow on NANA. Moreover, L. sakei 23K nanA , nanT , nanK , and nanE genes were able to complement Escherichia coli mutants. Construction of different mutants in L. sakei 23K Δ nanR , Δ nanT , and Δ nanK and the double mutant L. sakei 23K Δ( nanA-nanE ) made it possible to show that all were impaired for growth on NANA. In addition, two genes located downstream from nanK , lsa1644 and lsa1645 , are involved in the catabolism of sialic acid in L. sakei 23K, as a L. sakei 23K Δ lsa1645 mutant was no longer able to grow on NANA. All these results demonstrate that the gene cluster nanTEAR-nanK-lsa1644-lsa1645 is indeed involved in the use of NANA as an energy source by L. sakei .

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