Mahalanobis-ANOVA criterion for optimum feature subset selection in multi-class planetary gear fault diagnosis

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Abstract
The empirical analysis of a typical gear fault diagnosis of five different classes has been studied in this article. The analysis was used to develop novel feature selection criteria that provide an optimum feature subset over feature ranking genetic algorithms for improving the planetary gear fault classification accuracy. We have considered traditional approach in the fault diagnosis, where the raw vibration signal was divided into fixed-length epochs, and statistical time-domain features have been extracted from the segmented signal to represent the data in a compact discriminative form. Scale-invariant Mahalanobis distance–based feature selection using ANOVA statistic test was used as a feature selection criterion to find out the optimum feature subset. The Support Vector Machine Multi-Class machine learning algorithm was used as a classification technique to diagnose the gear faults. It has been observed that the highest gear fault classification accuracy of 99.89% (load case) was achieved by using the proposed Mahalanobis-ANOVA Criterion for optimum feature subset selection followed by Support Vector Machine Multi-Class algorithm. It is also noted that the developed feature selection criterion is a data-driven model which will contemplate all the nonlinearity in a signal. The fault diagnosis consistency of the proposed Support Vector Machine Multi-Class learning algorithm was ensured through 100 Monte Carlo runs, and the diagnostic ability of the classifier has been represented using confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristics.

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