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Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have indicated that advancing paternal age (APA) at childbearing is associated with increased risk of offspring psychiatric problems, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs),1-3 schizophrenia,4,5 and bipolar disorder,6,7 as well as intellectual8 and academic problems.9 Recent genomic studies have reported that the age of the fathers at conception is an important factor in determining the number of de novo mutations in children10 and also linked de novo mutations to ASDs, suggesting a mediating biological pathway leading to ASDs.11-13 De novo mutations associated with APA have been linked with numerous offspring outcomes.14