Time-resolved imaging of gas phase nanoparticle synthesis by laser ablation

The dynamics of nanoparticle formation, transport, and deposition by pulsed laser ablation of $c\mathrm{-Si}$ into 1–10 Torr He and Ar gases are revealed by imaging laser-induced photoluminescence and Rayleigh-scattered light from gas-suspended 1–10 nm ${\mathrm{SiO}}_x$ particles. Two sets of dynamic phenomena are presented for times up to 15 s after KrF-laser ablation. Ablation of Si into heavier Ar results in a uniform, stationary plume of nanoparticles, while Si ablation into lighter He results in a turbulent ring of particles which propagates forward at 10 m/s. Nanoparticles unambiguously formed in the gas phase were collected on transmission electron microscope grids for $Z$ -contrast imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis. The effects of gas flow on nanoparticle formation, photoluminescence, and collection are described.