High Expression of Nuclear Snail, but not Cytoplasmic Staining, Predicts Poor Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

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Abstract
Transcription factor Snail has been shown to promote tumor progression and metastasis in various cancers. However, its clinical significance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is still scanty. We have explored the clinical significance of Snail expression and its association with patient outcome in NPC. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression levels of Snail in 122 patients with NPC. Cytoplasmic Snail was detected in 37.7 %, and nuclear staining was detected in 49.2 % of primary tumors, respectively. No significant associations were found between cytoplasmic Snail and the clinicopathologic variables except lymph node metastasis (P = 0.042). However, nuclear Snail was significantly associated with tumor stage (P = 0.003), T classification (P = 0.045), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.019), distant metastasis (P = 0.003), and reduced E-cadherin expression (P = 0.021). Patients with high nuclear Snail expression, but not cytoplasmic staining, had significantly shorter survival than those with low expression (P < 0.001). Significantly, nuclear Snail was an independent prognostic predictor for NPC (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the prognostic impact was largely limited to stage III–IV patients. We demonstrated first that nuclear Snail, but not cytoplasmic staining, predicts worse outcome. In addition, the prognostic value in stage III–IV suggests that nuclear Snail could be a potential therapeutic target for late stage of NPC patients.

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