Mid-range Theory for the Nursing Diagnosis Ineffective Infant Suck-Swallow Response

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Abstract
Purpose: To develop a mid-range theory for the nursing diagnosis Ineffective infant suck-swallow response. Data Sources: Scientific findings were derived from two systematic reviews, one addressing etiological factors and the other focused on clinical indicators. Additional theoretical support from Roy's Adaptation Model guided the categorization of the elements identified in the reviews and the conceptual relationships defined during theory construction. Data Synthesis: Seven stimuli and fifteen defining characteristics were identified and classified according to causal hierarchy and behavioral timing. Findings support revising the diagnosis to “Ineffective Infant Suck–Swallow–Breathing Response” and reclassifying it under the Nutrition domain. A pictorial diagram and nine theoretical propositions were developed to depict causal links and guide nursing practice. Conclusions: The Mid-Range Theory supported revising the nursing diagnosis to “Ineffective Infant Suck–Swallow–Breathe Response,” reclassifying it under the Nutrition domain, and refining defining characteristics, at-risk populations, and associated conditions. These adjustments aim to improve diagnostic accuracy and guide targeted neonatal nursing interventions. Further validation studies are recommended. Implications for Nursing Practice: The proposed revisions can improve diagnostic accuracy, enable early identification of feeding difficulties, and guide targeted neonatal nursing interventions to promote safe and effective feeding.

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