The photocatalysts of TiO₂ doped with carbon, boron, nitrogen, and sulfur were synthesized and evaluated, with the aim of improving their efficiency in dye degradation under UV and visible light irradiation. The samples were structurally and optically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. All materials retained the anatase phase, although doping affected their crystallinity and optical properties. C–TiO₂ and N–TiO₂ stood out due to their enhanced absorption in the visible region. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated using the dyes Acid Orange 7 and Reactive Black 5 under both UV and visible light irradiation. C–TiO₂ exhibited the highest efficiency under both conditions, especially under visible light, outperforming undoped TiO₂. N–TiO₂ also showed improved performance in the degradation of Reactive Black 5. These results confirm that doping with non-metallic elements, particularly carbon enhances the performance of TiO₂ under visible light irradiation, highlighting its potential for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.