Association of nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles with bronchiolitis severity in infants hospitalised for bronchiolitis

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Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between the specific airway microbiota composition and severity of bronchiolitis. We aimed to identify nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles and link these profiles to acute severity in infants hospitalised for bronchiolitis.We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study of 1005 infants (age i.e.admission to an intensive care unit or use of mechanical ventilation.We identified four nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles: three profiles were dominated by one ofHaemophilus,MoraxellaorStreptococcus,while the fourth profile had the highest bacterial richness. The rate of intensive care use was highest in infants with aHaemophilus-dominant profile and lowest in those with aMoraxella-dominant profile (20.2%versus12.3%; unadjusted OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.07–3.11, p=0.03). After adjusting for 11 patient-level confounders, the rate remained significantly higher in infants withHaemophilus-dominant profiles (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.08–3.62, p=0.03). These findings were externally validated in a separate cohort of 307 children hospitalised for bronchiolitis.
Funding Information
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R21 HL-129909)
  • Milton Fund
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI-108588, U01 AI-67693, R01 AI-114552)

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