A new basal hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan and the early radiation of duck-billed dinosaurs

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Abstract
Levnesovia transoxianagen. et sp. nov., from the Late Cretaceous (Middle–Late Turonian) of Uzbekistan, is the oldest well-documented taxon referable to HadrosauroideasensuGodefroitet al. It differs from a somewhat younger and closely relatedBactrosaurusfrom Inner Mongolia (China) by a tall sagittal crest on the parietals and the absence of club-shaped dorsal neural spines in adult specimens.Levnesovia,Bactrosaurusand possiblyGilmoreosaurusrepresent the earliest radiation of Hadrosauroidea, which took place during the Cenomanian–Turonian and possibly in North America. The second, Santonian-age radiation of Hadrosauroidea includedAralosaurus, Hadrosauridae and lineages leading toTanius(Campanian) andTelmatosaurus(Maastrichtian). Hadrosauridae appears to be monophyletic, but Hadrosaurinae and Lambeosaurinae originated in North America and Asia, respectively.

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