Importance of Wintertime Anthropogenic Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal Emissions in Beijing and Implications for Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Megacities

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Abstract
Atmospheric glyoxal (GLY) and methylglyoxal (MGLY) are key precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, anthropogenic emissions of GLY and MGLY and their contribution to surface GLY and MGLY concentrations, as well as the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, are not well quantified. By developing an emission inventory of anthropogenic GLY and MGLY and improving Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) with SOA formation from irreversible surface uptake of GLY and MGLY, as well as a precursor-origin resolved technique, we quantified the source contributions of GLY and MGLY and their impact on wintertime SOA formation in Beijing, China. The total emissions of GLY and MGLY in Beijing in 2017 are 1.1×104 kmol and 7.0×103 kmol, respectively. Anthropogenic primary emissions are found to be the dominant contributor to wintertime GLY and MGLY concentrations (~74% for GLY and ~63% for MGLY). Anthropogenic primary emissions of GLY and MGLY contributes to 30% of GLY/MGLY SOA daily average concentration and accounts for up to 45% of nighttime GLY/MGLY SOA in winter. The study suggests that the anthropogenic GLY and MGLY emissions, mainly from gasoline vehicles and cooking, are important for SOA formation and shall be strictly controlled in Chinese megacities.
Funding Information
  • Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (2020MS035)
  • Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2018YFC0213805, 2018YFC0214006)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (21625701)
  • State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University (20K04ESPCT)

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