Miniaturized surface engineered technologies for multiplex biosensing devices

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Abstract
The demand for quick, accurate, and affordable point‐of‐care (POC) devices increases with the advancement in the dimensions of nanotechnology and digital interfaces (Internet of Things). The future of diagnostic requires the platform which can provide us the following benefits i. e., on‐site detection, qualitative as well as quantitative analysis, easy to use, portable, low sample requirement, cost‐effective, and have multiplexing proficiency. Multiplex biosensing platforms (MBPs) have the above following advantages so are going to be mostly used in various healthcare applications in near future. MBPs have the potential to fulfill the ‘ASSURED’ criteria specified by the World Health Organization (WHO) for remote‐limited settings. This review paper focuses on miniaturized platforms that have multiplexing benefits for the bioanalysis of different clinical samples related to various healthcare applications. In addition to this, screening of pesticides, antibiotics, and hazardous metal ions with these surface‐engineered devices has also been accounted in food and environmental samples. Some of the advanced techniques including microfluidics (Lab‐on‐a‐chip), wearable smart devices, and CRISPR/Cas system for multiplexing applications are briefly described here. Furthermore, various needs, challenges, and prospects in commercializing these multiplexed surface‐engineered devices have been discussed in this review.

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