Temporal Changes in Tongue Color as Criterion for Tongue Diagnosis in Kampo Medicine

Authors:
  • YIYuya Ishikawa
    Yuya Ishikawa
  • TNToshiya Nakaguchi
    Toshiya Nakaguchi
  • KOKeiko Ogawa-Ochiai
    Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai
  • NTNorimichi Tsumura
    Norimichi Tsumura
  • YKYuji Kasahara
    Yuji Kasahara
  • TNTakao Namiki
    Takao Namiki
  • YMYoichi Miyake
    Yoichi Miyake
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Abstract
In Kampo medicine (Japanese traditional herbal medicine), the appearance of the tongue contains a lot of useful information for diagnosis. However, an inspection of the tongue is not considered to be important in modern medical diagnosis, since the skills applied in the examination are difficult to understand. Thus, we developed an imaging system and algorithm for quantitative analysis of the tongue to provide the traditional techniques of Kampo with greater objectivity. Tongue images were taken from 9 healthy subjects for 3 consecutive weeks (5 days/week), 12 times a day, with 300 images taken successively within 30 s each time. Then, the temporal color changes in 30 s, 1 day, and 3 weeks were measured in the device-independent International Commission on Illumination (CIE) 1976 L*a*b* color space. The tongue color change in 30 s varied between individuals, and it was mainly classified into 3 patterns. This image acquisition system and valid color management should help all tongue-related research, and the 30-s temporal color change might be an important target for further tongue analysis. We were able to acquire tongue images without specular reflection and with valid color reproduction, and the color change in 30 s was found to vary. Tongue color changes have not been mentioned in the classics of Kampo medicine, since they were certainly impossible to discriminate by the naked eye. The change during 30 s is a new finding based on the electronic devices, and together they are expected to become a new criterion for tongue analysis.

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