Motion‐Dependent Hydrodynamic Interactions and Flow‐Field Evolution in Multi‐Body Systems Under Combined Earthquake and Wave Action

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Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the joint effects of earthquakes and waves on the flow‐field evolution and hydrodynamic coupling mechanisms in the multi‐body system, focusing on how distinct body motion modes influence the diffraction and radiation effects of the target structure. A series of scaled‐model tests was conducted using particle image velocimetry technology. The results indicate that the dynamic energy of the target pontoon is concentrated within the dominant wave‐frequency band, and the amplification of high‐frequency components induced by short‐period waves is the primary cause of variations in wave‐force amplitudes. When seismic excitations are introduced, the structural motions in different DOFs of the preceding and target pontoons exert distinct effects on wave‐induced forces: surge and sway motions mainly generate larger horizontal forces and bending moments, whereas heave motion governs variations in the vertical force, and the high‐frequency seismic excitations will lead to a further increase in these loads, especially in the sway and surge directions. Flow‐field measurements show that seismic excitation mainly redistributes local TKE and Reynolds‐stress patterns, with the clearest changes occurring under surge motion, while the overall flow structure remains similar.
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (52595691)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (52508546)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (523B2087)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (52478507)
  • China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2025M774325)

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