Measuring Fiber Orientation in Nonwovens Part V: Real Webs

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Abstract
This paper extends the work of the first four parts of this series to apply the image analysis methods we have developed to characterize the fiber orientation of real non woven fabrics. The "real" fabrics chosen as typical are a carded crimped fiber web, two relatively dense overall or area bonded fabrics, a pattern or point bonded spun bonded-meltblown-spunbonded fabric, and a lightweight spunbonded nonwoven. In order to deal with real webs, it is necessary to develop a lighting system to give images with sufficient contrast along with an appropriate thresholding method to yield data suitable for analysis. The results indicate that the chord tracking method can charac terize orientation reliably when a direct measure is needed, and the information can be used to characterize and compare nonwoven laydown processes.

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