Secure Classical Bit Commitment over Finite Channels

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Abstract
If mistrustful parties A and B control two or more appropriately located sites, special relativity can be used to guarantee that a pair of messages exchanged by A and B are independent. Using this fact, a relativistic bit commitment protocol, RBC1, was recently defined. Security is maintained in RBC1 by exchanging a sequence of messages whose transmission rate increases exponentially in time. We define here a new relativistic protocol, RBC2, which requires only a constant transmission rate and could be practically implemented. We prove that RBC2 allows a bit commitment to be indefinitely maintained with unconditionally security against all classical attacks, and discuss its security against general quantum attacks.

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