New Insights into the Structural Stability of Carbonyl Sodium-Storage Anodes Based on Janus Dione

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Abstract
Developing advanced sodium-storage electrodes is of great importance for the advancement of sodium-ion batteries; herein, s-indacene-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone (ICTO) is employed for the first time as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). By converting anhydride groups into conjugated carbonyl groups, the structural stability during sodium storage is largely enhanced. The ICTO half-cell delivers a high specific capacity of 379 mAh g–1 at 0.05 A g–1, with an adsorption-dominated sloping region contributing 350 mAh g–1. When assembled into a full cell with a sodium iron pyrophosphate phosphate (NFPP) cathode, the ICTO||NFPP system achieves an ultrahigh energy density of 190.04 Wh kg–1 and an exceptional initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 99.99%. This work provides a new strategy for enhancing sodium storage performance in conjugated carbonyl organic small molecules.
Funding Information
  • the Graduate Research Innovation Project of Central South University (No. 2025ZZTS0216)
  • the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No. 2026JJ50374)

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