The encoding of prominence relations in supra-laryngeal articulation across speaking styles

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Abstract
Speakers modify their supra-laryngeal articulation on the one hand as a function of prosodic prominence and on the other hand as a function of speaking style. Articulatory movements are spatio-temporally expanded in words that are highlighted due to prosodic strengthening, but also in utterances that are produced in a loud speaking style. What remains unclear, to date, is how these two phenomena interact, or, in other words, how prominence relations are encoded in loud speech. In this paper, we use electromagnetic articulography to investigate lip and tongue kinematics and analyze selected acoustic parameters across several focus conditions in habitual and loud speech. Prosodic prominence relations are studied as the simultaneous strengthening of highlighted words and the attenuation of words in the background. The results show that prominence relations can be encoded multidimensionally in loud speech. Some modifications are even stronger in loud speech than in habitual speech, despite the general articulatory modifications associated with a loud speaking style. In both speaking styles, the attenuation of words in the background tends to be more robust than the strengthening of highlighted words. The paper underlines the flexibility of the multidimensional phonetic space in the encoding of prosodic prominence across varying communicative demands.

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