Expanding role of cytomegalovirus as a human pathogen

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Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients, despite major advancements in preventative strategies. Antiviral prophylaxis and pre‐emptive antiviral therapeutic regimens are associated with a high incidence of late‐onset end‐organ disease and cause drug‐related toxicity when overused. Therefore, the identification of risk factors for CMV replication is required. Genetic and immunological factors that predispose individuals to CMV‐related clinical complications have been identified and may be instrumental for optimizing CMV treatment in the future. Evidence suggests a causal pathogenetic link between CMV‐related complications and inflammatory diseases in non‐canonically immunosuppressed individuals such as patients with lung injury and critically ill and cancer patients. However, a randomized clinical trial is required to determine if a causal relationship exists. J. Med. Virol. 88:1103–1112, 2016.

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