Mechanical Regulation of Cells by Materials and Tissues

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Abstract
Over the last dozen years, studies at the cell and tissue level have demonstrated that the function and fate of all cells, stem cells in particular, are affected by the collective physical properties of their microenvironments. Meanwhile, biophysical studies at the single molecule level have taught us a great deal about how mechanical forces affect the structure and function of proteins involved in the assembly of cells into tissues. Together, these molecular, cellular, and tissue studies provide insight into the process and importance of mechanotransduction, which is the process by which mechanical forces are transduced into biological signals. This insight should motivate biomimetic approaches to better control cell fate and tissue function.

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