Effects of a Single Large Dose of Vitamin A, Given during the Postpartum Period to HIV‐Positive Women and Their Infants, on Child HIV Infection, HIV‐Free Survival, and Mortality

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Abstract
BackgroundLow maternal serum retinol level is a risk factor for mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Multiple-large-dose vitamin A supplementation of HIV-positive children reduces mortality. The World Health Organization recommends single-large-dose vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women in areas of prevalent vitamin A deficiency; neonatal dosing is under consideration. We investigated the effect that single-large-dose maternal/neonatal vitamin A supplementation has on MTCT, HIV-free survival, and mortality in HIV-exposed infants