An Accelerated Forward–Backward Iterative Physical Optics for Electromagnetic Scattering from Rough Sea Surface

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Abstract
This article proposes to solve the extra-large-scale (e.g., larger than 1,000 square lambda) electric electromagnetic scattering problem on a wind-driven sea surface at a low grazing angle directed against a shore-based radar with an iterative physical optics model. In order to accelerate the convergence of the iterative physical optics model and improve its robustness, the forward–backward methodology and its modification with under-relaxation iteration are developed first to simulate the rough sea surface scattering. Meanwhile, according to the scattering characteristics of rough sea surface, the local iteration methodology and the fast far-field approximation in the matrix-vector product are proposed to reduce greatly the computational complexity. Through these techniques, this model can solve effectively the extra-large-scale electric scattering problem from the randomly rough sea surfaces.

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