Interactions of Ionic Liquids with Polysaccharides – 2: Cellulose

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Abstract
Some general comments about ionic liquids (ILs) and carbohydrates are given. The main scope of the review is to discuss the present state of the art of chemical modification of cellulose applying IL as reaction media considering own research results. ILs, namely 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl), 1‐ethyl‐ 3‐methylimidazolium chloride (EMIMCl), 1‐butyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium chloride (BDMIMCl), 1‐allyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium bromide (ADMIMBr) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐ methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) are solvents for cellulose (even for high molecular bacterial synthesized cellulose) and can easily be applied as reaction media for cellulose modification. We investigated the homogeneous acylation, carbanilation and silylation of the biopolymer cellulose. Under mild conditions and within short reaction time at low temperature (65 °C to 80 °C) and low excess of reagent, various cellulose esters and carbanilates, dendronized cellulose and trimethylsilyl cellulose were obtained. The DS of the cellulose derivatives can be controlled by varying the reaction time, reaction temperature and the IL used as reaction medium.

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