Early Postoperative Mortality Risk Factors and Five- and Ten-Year Mortality Rates After Hip Arthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture

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Abstract
Introduction: Femoral neck fractures in older adults are associated with appreciable short-term mortality, yet long-term survival after hip arthroplasty is incompletely characterized. We analyzed early mortality risk factors and 5- and 10-year mortality after hemi-arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty (THA) for femoral neck fractures. Materials and Methods: In this single-center retrospective cohort, 397 consecutive patients underwent arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture in 2014 and 2015. Mean age was 83.3 years and 70.3% were women. Demographic data, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Parker Mobility Score, medication history, operative and anesthetic details, transfusion, and peri-operative complications were extracted. Survival status up to 10 years was obtained from hospital and civil registries. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 397 patients were included. When categorized by age and ASA scores into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, mortality rates increased with higher risk (p < 0.001). The mortality rate at 30 days, 90 days, 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years postoperatively was 3.5%, 7.1%, 14.1%, 48.36% and 71.03%, respectively; mean time-to-death was 3.3 years. At 30 days, mortality was higher in males, those on clopidogrel, in patients with lower mobility (lower Parker Score), higher morbidity (higher Charlson Score), NNIS score of 1, higher ASA, patient who underwent hemiarthroplasty, and patients with medical complications post-op. Additional 90-day risks were antivitamin K therapy, immunosuppressants, and continuous spinal anesthesia; 1-year risks also encompassed advanced age, prolonged hospital stay, and peri-operative transfusion. Conclusions: Arthroplasty after femoral neck fracture is associated with high mortality rate; only half of patients survive 5 years and fewer than one-third reach 10 years. Mortality rate is affected by many risk factors, both non-modifiable factors and modifiable peri-operative variables. Targeted optimization of modifiable peri-operative factors and multidisciplinary geriatric-orthopedic care may improve outcomes in this frail population.

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