Discrete depolarisations of chordotonal organ neurons propagate toward the soma and are independent of the sensory TRP channels NompC and Nanchung-Inactive

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Abstract
The electrophysiological process of auditory transduction in insects remains largely conjecture due to the unknown role of ion channels localised to the cilia, but experimental evidence supports either NompC or Nan-Iav as the auditory mechanotransduction ion channel. Here, we knocked down two key genes that code for the two candidate sound-activated ion channels using dsRNA-mediated RNA interference. We measured sound-evoked activity of the auditory nerve and intracellular electrical currents from the ciliated ending of individual auditory receptors. We found that the sound-evoked nerve activity was reduced in nompC, nan and ift88 knockdown. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings we found that nompC and nan knockdown resulted in reduced sound-evoked transduction current. Stochastic depolarisations hypothesised to be mediated from one of the candidate mechanotransduction ion channels, either NompC or Nan-Iav, where not affected by knockdown of either channel. The discrete depolarisations are therefore mediated through another unidentified ion channel. We test the hypothesis that discrete depolarisations are graded action potentials that travel toward the soma through noise analysis of the transduction current and analysis of discrete depolarisations to voltage-steps. As a positive control we also knocked down ift88 , a protein essential for transporting proteins, including ion channels, along the cilium and found both the transduction current and the discrete depolarisations decreased. Key points: Injection of dsRNA decreased RNA of nompC and nan Sound-evoked nerve activity is reduced for RNAi-mediated knockdown of nompC and nan NompC and Nan both contribute to the transduction current The stochastic discrete depolarisations are not due to NompC or Nan-Iav ion channel but to a third unidentified ion channel. Noise analysis of the transduction current and the discrete depolarisations suggests they are graded action potentials that travel in the direction of the soma. Knockdown of ift88 reduced both the transduction current and discrete depolarisations. Significance Statement: Insects are important to understand, economically, agriculturally and medically. However, we still do not understand fundamental aspects of how insects detect their own body movements, vibrations and sound. These senses are detected by insect chordotonal organs, specialised miniaturised mechanoreceptors that convert movements into electrical signals through specialised ion channels. Previous experimental work has advocated either NompC or Nan-Iav as the mechanosensitive ion channel. Here, for the first time, we reduced the expression of both nompC and nan and measured the sound-evoked transduction current directly from neurons in a specialised auditory chordotonal organ. In contradiction to previous studies, we show that both ion channels contribute to the transduction current and find that electrical signals termed “discrete depolarisations” travel toward the soma.
Funding Information
  • Royal Society (URF\R1\1\80022)
  • Shanxi Special Project for Science and Technology Cooperation & Exchange (202404041101016)

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