Abstract
The creation of stability-indicating analytical methods, phytoconstituent identification, and validation for content and impurity estimation in pharmaceutical drug products and drug substances using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) employing contemporary analytical techniques are the primary topics of this chapter. The intricacy and diversity of herbal components provide the most analytical hurdle. Effective analytical methods are thus crucial for the separation and qualitative and quantitative analysis of multi-component systems. Recent advances in selectivity, sensitivity, and speed of analysis have made a number of newly developed analytical approaches a major support for complex component analysis. This chapter provides an overview of the application of advanced chromatography for the separation and identification of natural components in herbal medicines. By carefully choosing and refining both fixed and mobile phases, the scope of applications was increased.

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