Empirische Erfassung subjektiver Gesundheitsmerkmale am Beispiel der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität

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Abstract
Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität gewinnt als Zielparameter für verschiedene Akteure des Gesundheitswesens an Bedeutung, z. B. bei der Therapieevaluation von chronisch kranken Patienten. In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir die unterschiedlichen Ebenen der „gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität“, aktuelle Methoden zur Erfassung patientenberichteter Gesundheitsmerkmale sowie moderne testtheoretische Ansätze und deren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) acquires increased importance as a target parameter for different stakeholders in healthcare, e. g. to assess treatment outcome in chronically ill patients. In this educational article, we explain the levels of the health-related quality of life construct and associated main dimensions including physical, mental and social health. State-of-the-art approaches for assessment of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are introduced on the basis of the HRQoL model. Furthermore, modern test-theoretical approaches and their applications are presented, which are aimed at standardizing and improving the assessment of PROs (e. g., computer-adaptive testing). Finally, we present 2 major international PRO initiatives (PROMIS® and EORTC Quality of Life Group) that have been influential in advancing the assessment of patient outcomes over the last few years.

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