In this chapter, we explore the concept of quality, effectiveness, and relevance in English language teaching in Bangladesh in light of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs offer a foundation for considering the quality of education. We examine challenges in teacher development for effective teaching, including required initial qualifications for English teaching, recruitment, registration, and professional development. We consider these in terms of current and future challenges for our teachers and students in the post-COVID-19 and beyond scenario in Bangladesh. Our approach is predominantly conceptual and discursive, but we also draw on published data from a range of existing studies and media reports. We conclude that English teaching needs to be relevant to learners and their context, and we argue that as a subject, English has the capacity to contribute to teaching learners the life skills that they need in the changing world. We also argue that developing a well-qualified and well-developed teaching force is one of the most essential steps. We suggest developing a strategic plan for recruiting teachers, developing a strong programme of pre-service teacher education, and offering sustainable professional development opportunities for in-service teachers.